File: /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/kernel/time.c

1     /*
2      *  linux/arch/i386/kernel/time.c
3      *
4      *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1995  Linus Torvalds
5      *
6      * This file contains the PC-specific time handling details:
7      * reading the RTC at bootup, etc..
8      * 1994-07-02    Alan Modra
9      *	fixed set_rtc_mmss, fixed time.year for >= 2000, new mktime
10      * 1995-03-26    Markus Kuhn
11      *      fixed 500 ms bug at call to set_rtc_mmss, fixed DS12887
12      *      precision CMOS clock update
13      * 1996-05-03    Ingo Molnar
14      *      fixed time warps in do_[slow|fast]_gettimeoffset()
15      * 1997-09-10	Updated NTP code according to technical memorandum Jan '96
16      *		"A Kernel Model for Precision Timekeeping" by Dave Mills
17      * 1998-09-05    (Various)
18      *	More robust do_fast_gettimeoffset() algorithm implemented
19      *	(works with APM, Cyrix 6x86MX and Centaur C6),
20      *	monotonic gettimeofday() with fast_get_timeoffset(),
21      *	drift-proof precision TSC calibration on boot
22      *	(C. Scott Ananian <cananian@alumni.princeton.edu>, Andrew D.
23      *	Balsa <andrebalsa@altern.org>, Philip Gladstone <philip@raptor.com>;
24      *	ported from 2.0.35 Jumbo-9 by Michael Krause <m.krause@tu-harburg.de>).
25      * 1998-12-16    Andrea Arcangeli
26      *	Fixed Jumbo-9 code in 2.1.131: do_gettimeofday was missing 1 jiffy
27      *	because was not accounting lost_ticks.
28      * 1998-12-24 Copyright (C) 1998  Andrea Arcangeli
29      *	Fixed a xtime SMP race (we need the xtime_lock rw spinlock to
30      *	serialize accesses to xtime/lost_ticks).
31      */
32     
33     #include <linux/errno.h>
34     #include <linux/sched.h>
35     #include <linux/kernel.h>
36     #include <linux/param.h>
37     #include <linux/string.h>
38     #include <linux/mm.h>
39     #include <linux/interrupt.h>
40     #include <linux/time.h>
41     #include <linux/delay.h>
42     #include <linux/init.h>
43     #include <linux/smp.h>
44     
45     #include <asm/io.h>
46     #include <asm/smp.h>
47     #include <asm/irq.h>
48     #include <asm/msr.h>
49     #include <asm/delay.h>
50     #include <asm/mpspec.h>
51     #include <asm/uaccess.h>
52     #include <asm/processor.h>
53     
54     #include <linux/mc146818rtc.h>
55     #include <linux/timex.h>
56     #include <linux/config.h>
57     
58     #include <asm/fixmap.h>
59     #include <asm/cobalt.h>
60     
61     /*
62      * for x86_do_profile()
63      */
64     #include <linux/irq.h>
65     
66     
67     unsigned long cpu_khz;	/* Detected as we calibrate the TSC */
68     
69     /* Number of usecs that the last interrupt was delayed */
70     static int delay_at_last_interrupt;
71     
72     static unsigned long last_tsc_low; /* lsb 32 bits of Time Stamp Counter */
73     
74     /* Cached *multiplier* to convert TSC counts to microseconds.
75      * (see the equation below).
76      * Equal to 2^32 * (1 / (clocks per usec) ).
77      * Initialized in time_init.
78      */
79     unsigned long fast_gettimeoffset_quotient;
80     
81     extern rwlock_t xtime_lock;
82     extern unsigned long wall_jiffies;
83     
84     spinlock_t rtc_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
85     
86     static inline unsigned long do_fast_gettimeoffset(void)
87     {
88     	register unsigned long eax, edx;
89     
90     	/* Read the Time Stamp Counter */
91     
92     	rdtsc(eax,edx);
93     
94     	/* .. relative to previous jiffy (32 bits is enough) */
95     	eax -= last_tsc_low;	/* tsc_low delta */
96     
97     	/*
98              * Time offset = (tsc_low delta) * fast_gettimeoffset_quotient
99              *             = (tsc_low delta) * (usecs_per_clock)
100              *             = (tsc_low delta) * (usecs_per_jiffy / clocks_per_jiffy)
101     	 *
102     	 * Using a mull instead of a divl saves up to 31 clock cycles
103     	 * in the critical path.
104              */
105     
106     	__asm__("mull %2"
107     		:"=a" (eax), "=d" (edx)
108     		:"rm" (fast_gettimeoffset_quotient),
109     		 "0" (eax));
110     
111     	/* our adjusted time offset in microseconds */
112     	return delay_at_last_interrupt + edx;
113     }
114     
115     #define TICK_SIZE tick
116     
117     spinlock_t i8253_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
118     
119     extern spinlock_t i8259A_lock;
120     
121     #ifndef CONFIG_X86_TSC
122     
123     /* This function must be called with interrupts disabled 
124      * It was inspired by Steve McCanne's microtime-i386 for BSD.  -- jrs
125      * 
126      * However, the pc-audio speaker driver changes the divisor so that
127      * it gets interrupted rather more often - it loads 64 into the
128      * counter rather than 11932! This has an adverse impact on
129      * do_gettimeoffset() -- it stops working! What is also not
130      * good is that the interval that our timer function gets called
131      * is no longer 10.0002 ms, but 9.9767 ms. To get around this
132      * would require using a different timing source. Maybe someone
133      * could use the RTC - I know that this can interrupt at frequencies
134      * ranging from 8192Hz to 2Hz. If I had the energy, I'd somehow fix
135      * it so that at startup, the timer code in sched.c would select
136      * using either the RTC or the 8253 timer. The decision would be
137      * based on whether there was any other device around that needed
138      * to trample on the 8253. I'd set up the RTC to interrupt at 1024 Hz,
139      * and then do some jiggery to have a version of do_timer that 
140      * advanced the clock by 1/1024 s. Every time that reached over 1/100
141      * of a second, then do all the old code. If the time was kept correct
142      * then do_gettimeoffset could just return 0 - there is no low order
143      * divider that can be accessed.
144      *
145      * Ideally, you would be able to use the RTC for the speaker driver,
146      * but it appears that the speaker driver really needs interrupt more
147      * often than every 120 us or so.
148      *
149      * Anyway, this needs more thought....		pjsg (1993-08-28)
150      * 
151      * If you are really that interested, you should be reading
152      * comp.protocols.time.ntp!
153      */
154     
155     static unsigned long do_slow_gettimeoffset(void)
156     {
157     	int count;
158     
159     	static int count_p = LATCH;    /* for the first call after boot */
160     	static unsigned long jiffies_p = 0;
161     
162     	/*
163     	 * cache volatile jiffies temporarily; we have IRQs turned off. 
164     	 */
165     	unsigned long jiffies_t;
166     
167     	/* gets recalled with irq locally disabled */
168     	spin_lock(&i8253_lock);
169     	/* timer count may underflow right here */
170     	outb_p(0x00, 0x43);	/* latch the count ASAP */
171     
172     	count = inb_p(0x40);	/* read the latched count */
173     
174     	/*
175     	 * We do this guaranteed double memory access instead of a _p 
176     	 * postfix in the previous port access. Wheee, hackady hack
177     	 */
178      	jiffies_t = jiffies;
179     
180     	count |= inb_p(0x40) << 8;
181     	
182             /* VIA686a test code... reset the latch if count > max + 1 */
183             if (count > LATCH) {
184                     outb_p(0x34, 0x43);
185                     outb_p(LATCH & 0xff, 0x40);
186                     outb(LATCH >> 8, 0x40);
187                     count = LATCH - 1;
188             }
189     	
190     	spin_unlock(&i8253_lock);
191     
192     	/*
193     	 * avoiding timer inconsistencies (they are rare, but they happen)...
194     	 * there are two kinds of problems that must be avoided here:
195     	 *  1. the timer counter underflows
196     	 *  2. hardware problem with the timer, not giving us continuous time,
197     	 *     the counter does small "jumps" upwards on some Pentium systems,
198     	 *     (see c't 95/10 page 335 for Neptun bug.)
199     	 */
200     
201     /* you can safely undefine this if you don't have the Neptune chipset */
202     
203     #define BUGGY_NEPTUN_TIMER
204     
205     	if( jiffies_t == jiffies_p ) {
206     		if( count > count_p ) {
207     			/* the nutcase */
208     
209     			int i;
210     
211     			spin_lock(&i8259A_lock);
212     			/*
213     			 * This is tricky when I/O APICs are used;
214     			 * see do_timer_interrupt().
215     			 */
216     			i = inb(0x20);
217     			spin_unlock(&i8259A_lock);
218     
219     			/* assumption about timer being IRQ0 */
220     			if (i & 0x01) {
221     				/*
222     				 * We cannot detect lost timer interrupts ... 
223     				 * well, that's why we call them lost, don't we? :)
224     				 * [hmm, on the Pentium and Alpha we can ... sort of]
225     				 */
226     				count -= LATCH;
227     			} else {
228     #ifdef BUGGY_NEPTUN_TIMER
229     				/*
230     				 * for the Neptun bug we know that the 'latch'
231     				 * command doesnt latch the high and low value
232     				 * of the counter atomically. Thus we have to 
233     				 * substract 256 from the counter 
234     				 * ... funny, isnt it? :)
235     				 */
236     
237     				count -= 256;
238     #else
239     				printk("do_slow_gettimeoffset(): hardware timer problem?\n");
240     #endif
241     			}
242     		}
243     	} else
244     		jiffies_p = jiffies_t;
245     
246     	count_p = count;
247     
248     	count = ((LATCH-1) - count) * TICK_SIZE;
249     	count = (count + LATCH/2) / LATCH;
250     
251     	return count;
252     }
253     
254     static unsigned long (*do_gettimeoffset)(void) = do_slow_gettimeoffset;
255     
256     #else
257     
258     #define do_gettimeoffset()	do_fast_gettimeoffset()
259     
260     #endif
261     
262     /*
263      * This version of gettimeofday has microsecond resolution
264      * and better than microsecond precision on fast x86 machines with TSC.
265      */
266     void do_gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv)
267     {
268     	unsigned long flags;
269     	unsigned long usec, sec;
270     
271     	read_lock_irqsave(&xtime_lock, flags);
272     	usec = do_gettimeoffset();
273     	{
274     		unsigned long lost = jiffies - wall_jiffies;
275     		if (lost)
276     			usec += lost * (1000000 / HZ);
277     	}
278     	sec = xtime.tv_sec;
279     	usec += xtime.tv_usec;
280     	read_unlock_irqrestore(&xtime_lock, flags);
281     
282     	while (usec >= 1000000) {
283     		usec -= 1000000;
284     		sec++;
285     	}
286     
287     	tv->tv_sec = sec;
288     	tv->tv_usec = usec;
289     }
290     
291     void do_settimeofday(struct timeval *tv)
292     {
293     	write_lock_irq(&xtime_lock);
294     	/*
295     	 * This is revolting. We need to set "xtime" correctly. However, the
296     	 * value in this location is the value at the most recent update of
297     	 * wall time.  Discover what correction gettimeofday() would have
298     	 * made, and then undo it!
299     	 */
300     	tv->tv_usec -= do_gettimeoffset();
301     	tv->tv_usec -= (jiffies - wall_jiffies) * (1000000 / HZ);
302     
303     	while (tv->tv_usec < 0) {
304     		tv->tv_usec += 1000000;
305     		tv->tv_sec--;
306     	}
307     
308     	xtime = *tv;
309     	time_adjust = 0;		/* stop active adjtime() */
310     	time_status |= STA_UNSYNC;
311     	time_maxerror = NTP_PHASE_LIMIT;
312     	time_esterror = NTP_PHASE_LIMIT;
313     	write_unlock_irq(&xtime_lock);
314     }
315     
316     /*
317      * In order to set the CMOS clock precisely, set_rtc_mmss has to be
318      * called 500 ms after the second nowtime has started, because when
319      * nowtime is written into the registers of the CMOS clock, it will
320      * jump to the next second precisely 500 ms later. Check the Motorola
321      * MC146818A or Dallas DS12887 data sheet for details.
322      *
323      * BUG: This routine does not handle hour overflow properly; it just
324      *      sets the minutes. Usually you'll only notice that after reboot!
325      */
326     static int set_rtc_mmss(unsigned long nowtime)
327     {
328     	int retval = 0;
329     	int real_seconds, real_minutes, cmos_minutes;
330     	unsigned char save_control, save_freq_select;
331     
332     	/* gets recalled with irq locally disabled */
333     	spin_lock(&rtc_lock);
334     	save_control = CMOS_READ(RTC_CONTROL); /* tell the clock it's being set */
335     	CMOS_WRITE((save_control|RTC_SET), RTC_CONTROL);
336     
337     	save_freq_select = CMOS_READ(RTC_FREQ_SELECT); /* stop and reset prescaler */
338     	CMOS_WRITE((save_freq_select|RTC_DIV_RESET2), RTC_FREQ_SELECT);
339     
340     	cmos_minutes = CMOS_READ(RTC_MINUTES);
341     	if (!(save_control & RTC_DM_BINARY) || RTC_ALWAYS_BCD)
342     		BCD_TO_BIN(cmos_minutes);
343     
344     	/*
345     	 * since we're only adjusting minutes and seconds,
346     	 * don't interfere with hour overflow. This avoids
347     	 * messing with unknown time zones but requires your
348     	 * RTC not to be off by more than 15 minutes
349     	 */
350     	real_seconds = nowtime % 60;
351     	real_minutes = nowtime / 60;
352     	if (((abs(real_minutes - cmos_minutes) + 15)/30) & 1)
353     		real_minutes += 30;		/* correct for half hour time zone */
354     	real_minutes %= 60;
355     
356     	if (abs(real_minutes - cmos_minutes) < 30) {
357     		if (!(save_control & RTC_DM_BINARY) || RTC_ALWAYS_BCD) {
358     			BIN_TO_BCD(real_seconds);
359     			BIN_TO_BCD(real_minutes);
360     		}
361     		CMOS_WRITE(real_seconds,RTC_SECONDS);
362     		CMOS_WRITE(real_minutes,RTC_MINUTES);
363     	} else {
364     		printk(KERN_WARNING
365     		       "set_rtc_mmss: can't update from %d to %d\n",
366     		       cmos_minutes, real_minutes);
367     		retval = -1;
368     	}
369     
370     	/* The following flags have to be released exactly in this order,
371     	 * otherwise the DS12887 (popular MC146818A clone with integrated
372     	 * battery and quartz) will not reset the oscillator and will not
373     	 * update precisely 500 ms later. You won't find this mentioned in
374     	 * the Dallas Semiconductor data sheets, but who believes data
375     	 * sheets anyway ...                           -- Markus Kuhn
376     	 */
377     	CMOS_WRITE(save_control, RTC_CONTROL);
378     	CMOS_WRITE(save_freq_select, RTC_FREQ_SELECT);
379     	spin_unlock(&rtc_lock);
380     
381     	return retval;
382     }
383     
384     /* last time the cmos clock got updated */
385     static long last_rtc_update;
386     
387     int timer_ack;
388     
389     /*
390      * timer_interrupt() needs to keep up the real-time clock,
391      * as well as call the "do_timer()" routine every clocktick
392      */
393     static inline void do_timer_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs)
394     {
395     #ifdef CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC
396     	if (timer_ack) {
397     		/*
398     		 * Subtle, when I/O APICs are used we have to ack timer IRQ
399     		 * manually to reset the IRR bit for do_slow_gettimeoffset().
400     		 * This will also deassert NMI lines for the watchdog if run
401     		 * on an 82489DX-based system.
402     		 */
403     		spin_lock(&i8259A_lock);
404     		outb(0x0c, 0x20);
405     		/* Ack the IRQ; AEOI will end it automatically. */
406     		inb(0x20);
407     		spin_unlock(&i8259A_lock);
408     	}
409     #endif
410     
411     #ifdef CONFIG_VISWS
412     	/* Clear the interrupt */
413     	co_cpu_write(CO_CPU_STAT,co_cpu_read(CO_CPU_STAT) & ~CO_STAT_TIMEINTR);
414     #endif
415     	do_timer(regs);
416     /*
417      * In the SMP case we use the local APIC timer interrupt to do the
418      * profiling, except when we simulate SMP mode on a uniprocessor
419      * system, in that case we have to call the local interrupt handler.
420      */
421     #ifndef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
422     	if (!user_mode(regs))
423     		x86_do_profile(regs->eip);
424     #else
425     	if (!using_apic_timer)
426     		smp_local_timer_interrupt(regs);
427     #endif
428     
429     	/*
430     	 * If we have an externally synchronized Linux clock, then update
431     	 * CMOS clock accordingly every ~11 minutes. Set_rtc_mmss() has to be
432     	 * called as close as possible to 500 ms before the new second starts.
433     	 */
434     	if ((time_status & STA_UNSYNC) == 0 &&
435     	    xtime.tv_sec > last_rtc_update + 660 &&
436     	    xtime.tv_usec >= 500000 - ((unsigned) tick) / 2 &&
437     	    xtime.tv_usec <= 500000 + ((unsigned) tick) / 2) {
438     		if (set_rtc_mmss(xtime.tv_sec) == 0)
439     			last_rtc_update = xtime.tv_sec;
440     		else
441     			last_rtc_update = xtime.tv_sec - 600; /* do it again in 60 s */
442     	}
443     	    
444     #ifdef CONFIG_MCA
445     	if( MCA_bus ) {
446     		/* The PS/2 uses level-triggered interrupts.  You can't
447     		turn them off, nor would you want to (any attempt to
448     		enable edge-triggered interrupts usually gets intercepted by a
449     		special hardware circuit).  Hence we have to acknowledge
450     		the timer interrupt.  Through some incredibly stupid
451     		design idea, the reset for IRQ 0 is done by setting the
452     		high bit of the PPI port B (0x61).  Note that some PS/2s,
453     		notably the 55SX, work fine if this is removed.  */
454     
455     		irq = inb_p( 0x61 );	/* read the current state */
456     		outb_p( irq|0x80, 0x61 );	/* reset the IRQ */
457     	}
458     #endif
459     }
460     
461     static int use_tsc;
462     
463     /*
464      * This is the same as the above, except we _also_ save the current
465      * Time Stamp Counter value at the time of the timer interrupt, so that
466      * we later on can estimate the time of day more exactly.
467      */
468     static void timer_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs)
469     {
470     	int count;
471     
472     	/*
473     	 * Here we are in the timer irq handler. We just have irqs locally
474     	 * disabled but we don't know if the timer_bh is running on the other
475     	 * CPU. We need to avoid to SMP race with it. NOTE: we don' t need
476     	 * the irq version of write_lock because as just said we have irq
477     	 * locally disabled. -arca
478     	 */
479     	write_lock(&xtime_lock);
480     
481     	if (use_tsc)
482     	{
483     		/*
484     		 * It is important that these two operations happen almost at
485     		 * the same time. We do the RDTSC stuff first, since it's
486     		 * faster. To avoid any inconsistencies, we need interrupts
487     		 * disabled locally.
488     		 */
489     
490     		/*
491     		 * Interrupts are just disabled locally since the timer irq
492     		 * has the SA_INTERRUPT flag set. -arca
493     		 */
494     	
495     		/* read Pentium cycle counter */
496     
497     		rdtscl(last_tsc_low);
498     
499     		spin_lock(&i8253_lock);
500     		outb_p(0x00, 0x43);     /* latch the count ASAP */
501     
502     		count = inb_p(0x40);    /* read the latched count */
503     		count |= inb(0x40) << 8;
504     		spin_unlock(&i8253_lock);
505     
506     		count = ((LATCH-1) - count) * TICK_SIZE;
507     		delay_at_last_interrupt = (count + LATCH/2) / LATCH;
508     	}
509      
510     	do_timer_interrupt(irq, NULL, regs);
511     
512     	write_unlock(&xtime_lock);
513     
514     }
515     
516     /* not static: needed by APM */
517     unsigned long get_cmos_time(void)
518     {
519     	unsigned int year, mon, day, hour, min, sec;
520     	int i;
521     
522     	/* The Linux interpretation of the CMOS clock register contents:
523     	 * When the Update-In-Progress (UIP) flag goes from 1 to 0, the
524     	 * RTC registers show the second which has precisely just started.
525     	 * Let's hope other operating systems interpret the RTC the same way.
526     	 */
527     	/* read RTC exactly on falling edge of update flag */
528     	for (i = 0 ; i < 1000000 ; i++)	/* may take up to 1 second... */
529     		if (CMOS_READ(RTC_FREQ_SELECT) & RTC_UIP)
530     			break;
531     	for (i = 0 ; i < 1000000 ; i++)	/* must try at least 2.228 ms */
532     		if (!(CMOS_READ(RTC_FREQ_SELECT) & RTC_UIP))
533     			break;
534     	do { /* Isn't this overkill ? UIP above should guarantee consistency */
535     		sec = CMOS_READ(RTC_SECONDS);
536     		min = CMOS_READ(RTC_MINUTES);
537     		hour = CMOS_READ(RTC_HOURS);
538     		day = CMOS_READ(RTC_DAY_OF_MONTH);
539     		mon = CMOS_READ(RTC_MONTH);
540     		year = CMOS_READ(RTC_YEAR);
541     	} while (sec != CMOS_READ(RTC_SECONDS));
542     	if (!(CMOS_READ(RTC_CONTROL) & RTC_DM_BINARY) || RTC_ALWAYS_BCD)
543     	  {
544     	    BCD_TO_BIN(sec);
545     	    BCD_TO_BIN(min);
546     	    BCD_TO_BIN(hour);
547     	    BCD_TO_BIN(day);
548     	    BCD_TO_BIN(mon);
549     	    BCD_TO_BIN(year);
550     	  }
551     	if ((year += 1900) < 1970)
552     		year += 100;
553     	return mktime(year, mon, day, hour, min, sec);
554     }
555     
556     static struct irqaction irq0  = { timer_interrupt, SA_INTERRUPT, 0, "timer", NULL, NULL};
557     
558     /* ------ Calibrate the TSC ------- 
559      * Return 2^32 * (1 / (TSC clocks per usec)) for do_fast_gettimeoffset().
560      * Too much 64-bit arithmetic here to do this cleanly in C, and for
561      * accuracy's sake we want to keep the overhead on the CTC speaker (channel 2)
562      * output busy loop as low as possible. We avoid reading the CTC registers
563      * directly because of the awkward 8-bit access mechanism of the 82C54
564      * device.
565      */
566     
567     #define CALIBRATE_LATCH	(5 * LATCH)
568     #define CALIBRATE_TIME	(5 * 1000020/HZ)
569     
570     static unsigned long __init calibrate_tsc(void)
571     {
572            /* Set the Gate high, disable speaker */
573     	outb((inb(0x61) & ~0x02) | 0x01, 0x61);
574     
575     	/*
576     	 * Now let's take care of CTC channel 2
577     	 *
578     	 * Set the Gate high, program CTC channel 2 for mode 0,
579     	 * (interrupt on terminal count mode), binary count,
580     	 * load 5 * LATCH count, (LSB and MSB) to begin countdown.
581     	 */
582     	outb(0xb0, 0x43);			/* binary, mode 0, LSB/MSB, Ch 2 */
583     	outb(CALIBRATE_LATCH & 0xff, 0x42);	/* LSB of count */
584     	outb(CALIBRATE_LATCH >> 8, 0x42);	/* MSB of count */
585     
586     	{
587     		unsigned long startlow, starthigh;
588     		unsigned long endlow, endhigh;
589     		unsigned long count;
590     
591     		rdtsc(startlow,starthigh);
592     		count = 0;
593     		do {
594     			count++;
595     		} while ((inb(0x61) & 0x20) == 0);
596     		rdtsc(endlow,endhigh);
597     
598     		last_tsc_low = endlow;
599     
600     		/* Error: ECTCNEVERSET */
601     		if (count <= 1)
602     			goto bad_ctc;
603     
604     		/* 64-bit subtract - gcc just messes up with long longs */
605     		__asm__("subl %2,%0\n\t"
606     			"sbbl %3,%1"
607     			:"=a" (endlow), "=d" (endhigh)
608     			:"g" (startlow), "g" (starthigh),
609     			 "0" (endlow), "1" (endhigh));
610     
611     		/* Error: ECPUTOOFAST */
612     		if (endhigh)
613     			goto bad_ctc;
614     
615     		/* Error: ECPUTOOSLOW */
616     		if (endlow <= CALIBRATE_TIME)
617     			goto bad_ctc;
618     
619     		__asm__("divl %2"
620     			:"=a" (endlow), "=d" (endhigh)
621     			:"r" (endlow), "0" (0), "1" (CALIBRATE_TIME));
622     
623     		return endlow;
624     	}
625     
626     	/*
627     	 * The CTC wasn't reliable: we got a hit on the very first read,
628     	 * or the CPU was so fast/slow that the quotient wouldn't fit in
629     	 * 32 bits..
630     	 */
631     bad_ctc:
632     	return 0;
633     }
634     
635     void __init time_init(void)
636     {
637     	extern int x86_udelay_tsc;
638     	
639     	xtime.tv_sec = get_cmos_time();
640     	xtime.tv_usec = 0;
641     
642     /*
643      * If we have APM enabled or the CPU clock speed is variable
644      * (CPU stops clock on HLT or slows clock to save power)
645      * then the TSC timestamps may diverge by up to 1 jiffy from
646      * 'real time' but nothing will break.
647      * The most frequent case is that the CPU is "woken" from a halt
648      * state by the timer interrupt itself, so we get 0 error. In the
649      * rare cases where a driver would "wake" the CPU and request a
650      * timestamp, the maximum error is < 1 jiffy. But timestamps are
651      * still perfectly ordered.
652      * Note that the TSC counter will be reset if APM suspends
653      * to disk; this won't break the kernel, though, 'cuz we're
654      * smart.  See arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
655      */
656      	/*
657      	 *	Firstly we have to do a CPU check for chips with
658      	 * 	a potentially buggy TSC. At this point we haven't run
659      	 *	the ident/bugs checks so we must run this hook as it
660      	 *	may turn off the TSC flag.
661      	 *
662      	 *	NOTE: this doesnt yet handle SMP 486 machines where only
663      	 *	some CPU's have a TSC. Thats never worked and nobody has
664      	 *	moaned if you have the only one in the world - you fix it!
665      	 */
666      
667      	dodgy_tsc();
668      	
669     	if (cpu_has_tsc) {
670     		unsigned long tsc_quotient = calibrate_tsc();
671     		if (tsc_quotient) {
672     			fast_gettimeoffset_quotient = tsc_quotient;
673     			use_tsc = 1;
674     			/*
675     			 *	We could be more selective here I suspect
676     			 *	and just enable this for the next intel chips ?
677     			 */
678     			x86_udelay_tsc = 1;
679     #ifndef do_gettimeoffset
680     			do_gettimeoffset = do_fast_gettimeoffset;
681     #endif
682     			do_get_fast_time = do_gettimeofday;
683     
684     			/* report CPU clock rate in Hz.
685     			 * The formula is (10^6 * 2^32) / (2^32 * 1 / (clocks/us)) =
686     			 * clock/second. Our precision is about 100 ppm.
687     			 */
688     			{	unsigned long eax=0, edx=1000;
689     				__asm__("divl %2"
690     		       		:"=a" (cpu_khz), "=d" (edx)
691             	       		:"r" (tsc_quotient),
692     	                	"0" (eax), "1" (edx));
693     				printk("Detected %lu.%03lu MHz processor.\n", cpu_khz / 1000, cpu_khz % 1000);
694     			}
695     		}
696     	}
697     
698     #ifdef CONFIG_VISWS
699     	printk("Starting Cobalt Timer system clock\n");
700     
701     	/* Set the countdown value */
702     	co_cpu_write(CO_CPU_TIMEVAL, CO_TIME_HZ/HZ);
703     
704     	/* Start the timer */
705     	co_cpu_write(CO_CPU_CTRL, co_cpu_read(CO_CPU_CTRL) | CO_CTRL_TIMERUN);
706     
707     	/* Enable (unmask) the timer interrupt */
708     	co_cpu_write(CO_CPU_CTRL, co_cpu_read(CO_CPU_CTRL) & ~CO_CTRL_TIMEMASK);
709     
710     	/* Wire cpu IDT entry to s/w handler (and Cobalt APIC to IDT) */
711     	setup_irq(CO_IRQ_TIMER, &irq0);
712     #else
713     	setup_irq(0, &irq0);
714     #endif
715     }
716