File: /usr/include/stdlib.h
1 /* Copyright (C) 1991-1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 This file is part of the GNU C Library.
3
4 The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5 modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
6 published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
7 License, or (at your option) any later version.
8
9 The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
12 Library General Public License for more details.
13
14 You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
15 License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not,
16 write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
17 Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
18
19 /*
20 * ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities <stdlib.h>
21 */
22
23 #ifndef _STDLIB_H
24
25 #include <features.h>
26
27 /* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>. */
28 #define __need_size_t
29 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
30 # define __need_wchar_t
31 # define __need_NULL
32 #endif
33 #include <stddef.h>
34
35 __BEGIN_DECLS
36
37 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
38 #define _STDLIB_H 1
39
40 #if defined __USE_XOPEN && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
41 /* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined. */
42 # include <bits/waitflags.h>
43 # include <bits/waitstatus.h>
44
45 # ifdef __USE_BSD
46
47 /* Lots of hair to allow traditional BSD use of `union wait'
48 as well as POSIX.1 use of `int' for the status word. */
49
50 # if defined __GNUC__ && !defined __cplusplus
51 # define __WAIT_INT(status) \
52 (__extension__ ({ union { __typeof(status) __in; int __i; } __u; \
53 __u.__in = (status); __u.__i; }))
54 # else
55 # define __WAIT_INT(status) (*(int *) &(status))
56 # endif
57
58 /* This is the type of the argument to `wait'. The funky union
59 causes redeclarations with ether `int *' or `union wait *' to be
60 allowed without complaint. __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN is the type used in
61 the actual function definitions. */
62
63 # if !defined __GNUC__ || __GNUC__ < 2 || defined __cplusplus
64 # define __WAIT_STATUS void *
65 # define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN void *
66 # else
67 /* This works in GCC 2.6.1 and later. */
68 typedef union
69 {
70 union wait *__uptr;
71 int *__iptr;
72 } __WAIT_STATUS __attribute__ ((__transparent_union__));
73 # define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN int *
74 # endif
75
76 # else /* Don't use BSD. */
77
78 # define __WAIT_INT(status) (status)
79 # define __WAIT_STATUS int *
80 # define __WAIT_STATUS_DEFN int *
81
82 # endif /* Use BSD. */
83
84 /* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way. */
85 # define WEXITSTATUS(status) __WEXITSTATUS(__WAIT_INT(status))
86 # define WTERMSIG(status) __WTERMSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
87 # define WSTOPSIG(status) __WSTOPSIG(__WAIT_INT(status))
88 # define WIFEXITED(status) __WIFEXITED(__WAIT_INT(status))
89 # define WIFSIGNALED(status) __WIFSIGNALED(__WAIT_INT(status))
90 # define WIFSTOPPED(status) __WIFSTOPPED(__WAIT_INT(status))
91 #endif /* X/Open and <sys/wait.h> not included. */
92
93 /* Returned by `div'. */
94 typedef struct
95 {
96 int quot; /* Quotient. */
97 int rem; /* Remainder. */
98 } div_t;
99
100 /* Returned by `ldiv'. */
101 #ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
102 typedef struct
103 {
104 long int quot; /* Quotient. */
105 long int rem; /* Remainder. */
106 } ldiv_t;
107 # define __ldiv_t_defined 1
108 #endif
109
110 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
111 /* Returned by `lldiv'. */
112 __extension__ typedef struct
113 {
114 long long int quot; /* Quotient. */
115 long long int rem; /* Remainder. */
116 } lldiv_t;
117 # define __lldiv_t_defined 1
118 #endif
119
120
121 /* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX). */
122 #define RAND_MAX 2147483647
123
124
125 /* We define these the same for all machines.
126 Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'. */
127 #define EXIT_FAILURE 1 /* Failing exit status. */
128 #define EXIT_SUCCESS 0 /* Successful exit status. */
129
130
131 /* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale. */
132 #define MB_CUR_MAX (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
133 extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW;
134
135
136 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number. */
137 extern double atof (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
138 /* Convert a string to an integer. */
139 extern int atoi (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
140 /* Convert a string to a long integer. */
141 extern long int atol (__const char *__nptr) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
142
143 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GNUC__ && defined __USE_MISC)
144 /* Convert a string to a long long integer. */
145 __extension__ extern long long int atoll (__const char *__nptr)
146 __THROW __attribute_pure__;
147 #endif
148
149 /* Convert a string to a floating-point number. */
150 extern double strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
151 char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
152
153 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
154 /* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers. */
155 extern float strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
156 char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
157
158 extern long double strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
159 char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW;
160 #endif
161
162 /* Convert a string to a long integer. */
163 extern long int strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
164 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
165 /* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer. */
166 extern unsigned long int strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
167 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
168 __THROW;
169
170 #if defined __GNUC__ && defined __USE_BSD
171 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer. */
172 __extension__
173 extern long long int strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
174 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
175 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer. */
176 __extension__
177 extern unsigned long long int strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
178 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
179 __THROW;
180 #endif /* GCC and use BSD. */
181
182 #if defined __USE_ISOC99 || (defined __GNUC__ && defined __USE_MISC)
183 /* These functions will part of the standard C library in ISO C99. */
184
185 /* Convert a string to a quadword integer. */
186 __extension__
187 extern long long int strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
188 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base) __THROW;
189 /* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer. */
190 __extension__
191 extern unsigned long long int strtoull (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
192 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
193 __THROW;
194 #endif /* ISO C99 or GCC and use MISC. */
195
196
197 #ifdef __USE_GNU
198 /* The concept of one static locale per category is not very well
199 thought out. Many applications will need to process its data using
200 information from several different locales. Another application is
201 the implementation of the internationalization handling in the
202 upcoming ISO C++ standard library. To support this another set of
203 the functions using locale data exist which have an additional
204 argument.
205
206 Attention: all these functions are *not* standardized in any form.
207 This is a proof-of-concept implementation. */
208
209 /* Structure for reentrant locale using functions. This is an
210 (almost) opaque type for the user level programs. */
211 # include <xlocale.h>
212
213 /* Special versions of the functions above which take the locale to
214 use as an additional parameter. */
215 extern long int __strtol_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
216 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
217 __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
218
219 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
220 char **__restrict __endptr,
221 int __base, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
222
223 __extension__
224 extern long long int __strtoll_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
225 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
226 __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
227
228 __extension__
229 extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
230 char **__restrict __endptr,
231 int __base, __locale_t __loc)
232 __THROW;
233
234 extern double __strtod_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
235 char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc)
236 __THROW;
237
238 extern float __strtof_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
239 char **__restrict __endptr, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
240
241 extern long double __strtold_l (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
242 char **__restrict __endptr,
243 __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
244 #endif /* GNU */
245
246
247 /* The internal entry points for `strtoX' take an extra flag argument
248 saying whether or not to parse locale-dependent number grouping. */
249
250 extern double __strtod_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
251 char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
252 __THROW;
253 extern float __strtof_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
254 char **__restrict __endptr, int __group)
255 __THROW;
256 extern long double __strtold_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
257 char **__restrict __endptr,
258 int __group) __THROW;
259 #ifndef __strtol_internal_defined
260 extern long int __strtol_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
261 char **__restrict __endptr,
262 int __base, int __group) __THROW;
263 # define __strtol_internal_defined 1
264 #endif
265 #ifndef __strtoul_internal_defined
266 extern unsigned long int __strtoul_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
267 char **__restrict __endptr,
268 int __base, int __group) __THROW;
269 # define __strtoul_internal_defined 1
270 #endif
271 #if defined __GNUC__ || defined __USE_ISOC99
272 # ifndef __strtoll_internal_defined
273 __extension__
274 extern long long int __strtoll_internal (__const char *__restrict __nptr,
275 char **__restrict __endptr,
276 int __base, int __group) __THROW;
277 # define __strtoll_internal_defined 1
278 # endif
279 # ifndef __strtoull_internal_defined
280 __extension__
281 extern unsigned long long int __strtoull_internal (__const char *
282 __restrict __nptr,
283 char **__restrict __endptr,
284 int __base, int __group)
285 __THROW;
286 # define __strtoull_internal_defined 1
287 # endif
288 #endif /* GCC */
289
290 #if defined __OPTIMIZE__ && !defined __OPTIMIZE_SIZE__ \
291 && defined __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
292 /* Define inline functions which call the internal entry points. */
293
294 extern __inline double
295 strtod (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
296 {
297 return __strtod_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
298 }
299 extern __inline long int
300 strtol (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
301 int __base) __THROW
302 {
303 return __strtol_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
304 }
305 extern __inline unsigned long int
306 strtoul (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
307 int __base) __THROW
308 {
309 return __strtoul_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
310 }
311
312 # ifdef __USE_ISOC99
313 extern __inline float
314 strtof (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
315 {
316 return __strtof_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
317 }
318 extern __inline long double
319 strtold (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW
320 {
321 return __strtold_internal (__nptr, __endptr, 0);
322 }
323 # endif
324
325 # ifdef __USE_BSD
326 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
327 strtoq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
328 int __base) __THROW
329 {
330 return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
331 }
332 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
333 strtouq (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
334 int __base) __THROW
335 {
336 return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
337 }
338 # endif
339
340 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
341 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
342 strtoll (__const char *__restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
343 int __base) __THROW
344 {
345 return __strtoll_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
346 }
347 __extension__ extern __inline unsigned long long int
348 strtoull (__const char * __restrict __nptr, char **__restrict __endptr,
349 int __base) __THROW
350 {
351 return __strtoull_internal (__nptr, __endptr, __base, 0);
352 }
353 # endif
354
355 extern __inline double
356 atof (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
357 {
358 return strtod (__nptr, (char **) NULL);
359 }
360 extern __inline int
361 atoi (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
362 {
363 return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
364 }
365 extern __inline long int
366 atol (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
367 {
368 return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
369 }
370
371 # if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_ISOC99
372 __extension__ extern __inline long long int
373 atoll (__const char *__nptr) __THROW
374 {
375 return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
376 }
377 # endif
378 #endif /* Optimizing and Inlining. */
379
380
381 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
382 /* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
383 digit first. Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
384 next call. */
385 extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW;
386
387 /* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above. */
388 extern long int a64l (__const char *__s) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
389
390
391 # include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
392
393 /* These are the functions that actually do things. The `random', `srandom',
394 `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
395 The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
396 We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator. */
397 /* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive. */
398 extern long int random (void) __THROW;
399
400 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number. */
401 extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
402
403 /* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
404 of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED. Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
405 32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
406 cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down. */
407 extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
408 size_t __statelen) __THROW;
409
410 /* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
411 which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'. */
412 extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW;
413
414
415 # ifdef __USE_MISC
416 /* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
417 These functions all use the following data structure to contain
418 state, rather than global state variables. */
419
420 struct random_data
421 {
422 int32_t *fptr; /* Front pointer. */
423 int32_t *rptr; /* Rear pointer. */
424 int32_t *state; /* Array of state values. */
425 int rand_type; /* Type of random number generator. */
426 int rand_deg; /* Degree of random number generator. */
427 int rand_sep; /* Distance between front and rear. */
428 int32_t *end_ptr; /* Pointer behind state table. */
429 };
430
431 extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
432 int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW;
433
434 extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf) __THROW;
435
436 extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
437 size_t __statelen,
438 struct random_data *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
439
440 extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
441 struct random_data *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
442 # endif /* Use misc. */
443 #endif /* Use SVID || extended X/Open. */
444
445
446 /* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive. */
447 extern int rand (void) __THROW;
448 /* Seed the random number generator with the given number. */
449 extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
450
451 #ifdef __USE_POSIX
452 /* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1. */
453 extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
454 #endif
455
456
457 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
458 /* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions. */
459
460 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0). */
461 extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
462 extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
463
464 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31). */
465 extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
466 extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
467
468 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31). */
469 extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
470 extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW;
471
472 /* Seed random number generator. */
473 extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
474 extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3]) __THROW;
475 extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW;
476
477 # ifdef __USE_MISC
478 /* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions. This
479 type is to be regarded as opaque. It's only exported because users
480 have to allocate objects of this type. */
481 struct drand48_data
482 {
483 unsigned short int __x[3]; /* Current state. */
484 unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state. */
485 unsigned short int __c; /* Additive const. in congruential formula. */
486 unsigned short int __init; /* Flag for initializing. */
487 unsigned long long int __a; /* Factor in congruential formula. */
488 };
489
490 /* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0). */
491 extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
492 double *__restrict __result) __THROW;
493 extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
494 struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
495 double *__restrict __result) __THROW;
496
497 /* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31). */
498 extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
499 long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
500 extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
501 struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
502 long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
503
504 /* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31). */
505 extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
506 long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
507 extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
508 struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
509 long int *__restrict __result) __THROW;
510
511 /* Seed random number generator. */
512 extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
513 __THROW;
514
515 extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
516 struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW;
517
518 extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
519 struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW;
520 # endif /* Use misc. */
521 #endif /* Use SVID or X/Open. */
522
523 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
524
525 #ifndef __malloc_and_calloc_defined
526 #define __malloc_and_calloc_defined
527 /* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory. */
528 extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
529 /* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0. */
530 extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
531 __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
532 #endif
533
534 #ifndef __need_malloc_and_calloc
535 /* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
536 in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long. */
537 extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
538 /* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'. */
539 extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
540
541 #ifdef __USE_MISC
542 /* Free a block. An alias for `free'. (Sun Unices). */
543 extern void cfree (void *__ptr) __THROW;
544 #endif /* Use misc. */
545
546 #if defined __USE_GNU || defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_MISC
547 # include <alloca.h>
548 #endif /* Use GNU, BSD, or misc. */
549
550 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
551 /* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary. The storage cannot be freed. */
552 extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
553 #endif
554
555 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
556 /* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT. */
557 extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
558 __THROW __attribute_malloc__;
559 #endif
560
561 /* Abort execution and generate a core-dump. */
562 extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
563
564
565 /* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called. */
566 extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW;
567
568 #ifdef __USE_MISC
569 /* Register a function to be called with the status
570 given to `exit' and the given argument. */
571 extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
572 __THROW;
573 #endif
574
575 /* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
576 in the reverse of the order in which they were registered
577 perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS. */
578 extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
579
580 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
581 /* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
582 functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'. */
583 extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
584 #endif
585
586
587 /* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist. */
588 extern char *getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
589
590 /* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
591 programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled. */
592 extern char *__secure_getenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
593
594 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
595 /* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place. */
596 /* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
597 If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment. */
598 extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW;
599 #endif
600
601 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
602 /* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
603 If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value. */
604 extern int setenv (__const char *__name, __const char *__value, int __replace)
605 __THROW;
606
607 /* Remove the variable NAME from the environment. */
608 extern int unsetenv (__const char *__name) __THROW;
609 #endif
610
611 #ifdef __USE_MISC
612 /* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
613 never made it. Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
614 for Fortran 77) requires this function. */
615 extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
616 #endif
617
618
619 #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
620 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
621 The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
622 they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
623 Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique file name. */
624 extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW;
625
626 /* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
627 The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
628 they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
629 Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
630 or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file. */
631 # ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
632 extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __THROW;
633 # else
634 # ifdef __REDIRECT
635 extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template) __THROW, mkstemp64);
636 # else
637 # define mkstemp mkstemp64
638 # endif
639 # endif
640 # ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
641 extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __THROW;
642 # endif
643 #endif
644
645 #ifdef __USE_BSD
646 /* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
647 The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
648 they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
649 Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
650 The directory is created mode 700. */
651 extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW;
652 #endif
653
654
655 /* Execute the given line as a shell command. */
656 extern int system (__const char *__command) __THROW;
657
658
659 #ifdef __USE_GNU
660 /* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
661 named file. The last file name component need not exist, and may be a
662 symlink to a nonexistent file. */
663 extern char *canonicalize_file_name (__const char *__name) __THROW;
664 #endif
665
666 #if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
667 /* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME. The last file name
668 component need not exist, and may be a symlink to a nonexistent file.
669 If RESOLVED is null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical
670 name is PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
671 ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars, returns the
672 name in RESOLVED. */
673 extern char *realpath (__const char *__restrict __name,
674 char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW;
675 #endif
676
677
678 /* Shorthand for type of comparison functions. */
679 #ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
680 # define __COMPAR_FN_T
681 typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (__const void *, __const void *);
682
683 # ifdef __USE_GNU
684 typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
685 # endif
686 #endif
687
688 /* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
689 of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons. */
690 extern void *bsearch (__const void *__key, __const void *__base,
691 size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar);
692
693 /* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
694 using COMPAR to perform the comparisons. */
695 extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
696 __compar_fn_t __compar);
697
698
699 /* Return the absolute value of X. */
700 extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
701 extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
702 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
703 __extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
704 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
705 #endif
706
707
708 /* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
709 of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
710 /* GCC may have built-ins for these someday. */
711 extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
712 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
713 extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
714 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
715 #ifdef __USE_ISOC99
716 __extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
717 long long int __denom)
718 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
719 #endif
720
721
722 #if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
723 /* Convert floating point numbers to strings. The returned values are
724 valid only until another call to the same function. */
725
726 /* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
727 this. Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
728 with the sign of the number. */
729 extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
730 int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
731
732 /* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits. Set *DECPT
733 with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
734 the number. */
735 extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
736 int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
737
738 /* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
739 Otherwise use exponential representation. The resulting string will
740 be written to BUF. */
741 extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf) __THROW;
742
743
744 # ifdef __USE_MISC
745 /* Long double versions of above functions. */
746 extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
747 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
748 extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
749 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign) __THROW;
750 extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf) __THROW;
751
752
753 /* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
754 buffers. */
755 extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
756 int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
757 size_t __len) __THROW;
758 extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
759 int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
760 size_t __len) __THROW;
761
762 extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
763 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
764 char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len) __THROW;
765 extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
766 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
767 char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len) __THROW;
768 # endif /* misc */
769 #endif /* use MISC || use X/Open Unix */
770
771
772 /* Return the length of the multibyte character
773 in S, which is no longer than N. */
774 extern int mblen (__const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW;
775 /* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
776 putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC. */
777 extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
778 __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
779 /* Put the multibyte character represented
780 by WCHAR in S, returning its length. */
781 extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW;
782
783
784 /* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string. */
785 extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs,
786 __const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
787 /* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string. */
788 extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
789 __const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
790 __THROW;
791
792
793 #ifdef __USE_SVID
794 /* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
795 or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
796 in the program's current locale. Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
797 negative, and -1 if not matching. */
798 extern int rpmatch (__const char *__response) __THROW;
799 #endif
800
801
802 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
803 /* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
804 strings in TOKENS. If found return index and set *VALUEP to
805 optional value introduced by an equal sign. If the suboption is
806 not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
807 suboption. On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
808 token or at the terminating NUL character. */
809 extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
810 char *__const *__restrict __tokens,
811 char **__restrict __valuep) __THROW;
812 #endif
813
814
815 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
816 /* Setup DES tables according KEY. */
817 extern void setkey (__const char *__key) __THROW;
818 #endif
819
820
821 /* X/Open pseudo terminal handling. */
822
823 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
824 /* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle. */
825 extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __THROW;
826 #endif
827
828 #ifdef __USE_XOPEN
829 /* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
830 perform an operation on the associated slave: */
831
832 /* Chown the slave to the calling user. */
833 extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
834
835 /* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
836 Call after grantpt(). */
837 extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
838
839 /* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave assoicated with
840 the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
841 The returned storage is good until the next call to this function. */
842 extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW;
843 #endif
844
845 #ifdef __USE_GNU
846 /* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
847 terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
848 Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number. */
849 extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen) __THROW;
850
851 /* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor. */
852 extern int getpt (void) __THROW;
853 #endif
854
855 #ifdef __USE_BSD
856 /* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
857 NELEM elements of LOADAVG. Return the number written (never more than
858 three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred. */
859 extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem) __THROW;
860 #endif
861
862 #endif /* don't just need malloc and calloc */
863 #undef __need_malloc_and_calloc
864
865 __END_DECLS
866
867 #endif /* stdlib.h */
868